00493nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245010100055210006900156300001000225490000700235100002400242700002200266700001700288856004200305       2009                        eng d  a1523-449500aPopulation structure and reproductive strategy of two multiple-stemmed rattans of Côte d'Ivoire0 aPopulation structure and reproductive strategy of two multiplest  a20-300 v531 aKouassi, Kouadio, I1 aBarot, Sébastien1 aBi, IA, Zoro  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/15200380nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245005100055210004300106300000600149490000700155100002100162700002200183856004100205       2009                        eng d  a1523-449500a<i>Medemia argun</i>--Past, Present and Future0 aiMedemia arguniPast Present and Future  a90 v531 aIbrahim, HAITHAM1 aBaker, William, J  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/3500550nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245012000055210006900175300001000244490000600254100002100260700002100281700002100302700002800323856004100351       2009                        eng d  a1932-620300aDecaying Raphia farinifera palm trees provide a source of sodium for wild chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda0 aDecaying Raphia farinifera palm trees provide a source of sodium  ae61940 v41 aReynolds, Vernon1 aLloyd, Andrew, W1 aBabweteera, Fred1 aEnglish, Christopher, J  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/4800363nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245003700055210003600092300001000128490000700138100002000145700002300165856004100188       2009                        eng d  a1523-449500aDiscovering Africa's newest palm0 aDiscovering Africas newest palm  a37-450 v531 aBayton, Ross, P1 aOuédraogo, Amadé  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/1402241nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245015100055210006900206300001100275520171200286100002301998700001802021700001502039856004102054       2009                        eng d  a1755-131500aClimate change sensitivity of the African ivory nut palm, <i>Hyphaene petersiana</i> Klotzsch ex Mart. (Arecaceae) a keystone species in SE Africa0 aClimate change sensitivity of the African ivory nut palm iHyphae  a0120143 aAfrica is the most vulnerable continent to future climate change. Profound changes are projected for southwestern Africa with increased drying, notably with delayed onset of the rainy season in September-November, and temperature increases in all seasons. The projected climate changes combined with land-use changes are thought to constitute the main threats to biodiversity in the 21st century. To be able to predict the potential impact on biodiversity, it is crucial to achieve a better insight into the controls of contemporary species ranges. Using species distribution modeling, we assessed the climate sensitivity of the key-stone palm species Hyphaene petersiana (African ivory nut palm) in southern Africa. We tested the relative roles of climate vs. non-climatic range-controls and found that climate had a clear effect on the range of H. petersiana and that especially water-related variables (annual precipitation and precipitation driest quarter) were of high importance. Nevertheless, latitude was the overall most dominant variable, reflecting spatial constraints on the continental-scale distribution. Of the remaining non-climatic factors, soil type and human influence were as important as the climatic factors. A future decrease in annual precipitation below 400 mm and hydrological changes towards drier conditions could cause a dramatic decline in H. petersiana populations, while the influence of temperature changes is less clear. The ongoing, unsustainable utilization pressures on this palm species by humans and livestock are likely to exacerbate the negative effect of future climate changes on its populations, especially, given the expected human population increase in Africa.1 aBlach-Overgaard, A1 aSvenning, J-C1 aBalslev, H  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/2003197nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260001800237300001200255490000700267520245100274100002302725700002402748700003002772700002002802700002102822700001802843700002502861700002102886700002002907856004002927       2009                        eng d00aComplete generic-level phylogenetic analyses of palms (Arecaceae) with comparisons of supertree and supermatrix approaches0 aComplete genericlevel phylogenetic analyses of palms Arecaceae w  cApril 1, 2009  a240-2560 v583 aSupertree and supermatrix methods have great potential in the quest to build the tree of life and yet they remain controversial, with most workers opting for one approach or the other, but rarely both. Here, we employed both methods to construct phylogenetic trees of all genera of palms (Arecaceae/Palmae), an iconic angiosperm family of great economic importance. We assembled a supermatrix consisting of 16 partitions, comprising DNA sequence data, plastid restriction fragment length polymorphism data, and morphological data for all genera, from which a highly resolved and well-supported phylogenetic tree was built despite abundant missing data. To construct supertrees, we used variants of matrix representation with parsimony (MRP) analysis based on input trees generated directly from subsamples of the supermatrix. All supertrees were highly resolved. Standard MRP with bootstrap-weighted matrix elements performed most effectively in this case, generating trees with the greatest congruence with the supermatrix tree and fewest clades unsupported by any input tree. Nonindependence due to input trees based on combinations of data partitions was an acceptable trade-off for improvements in supertree performance. Irreversible MRP and the use of strictly independent input trees only provided no obvious benefits. Contrary to previous claims, we found that unsupported clades are not infrequent under some MRP implementations, with up to 13% of clades lacking support from any input tree in some irreversible MRP supertrees. To build a formal synthesis, we assessed the cross-corroboration between supermatrix trees and the variant supertrees using semistrict consensus, enumerating shared clades and compatible clades. The semistrict consensus of the supermatrix tree and the most congruent supertree contained 160 clades (of a maximum of 204), 137 of which were present in both trees. The relationships recovered by these trees strongly support the current phylogenetic classification of palms. We evaluate 2 composite supertree support measures (rQS and V) and conclude that it is more informative to report numbers of input trees that support or conflict with a given supertree clade. This study demonstrates that supertree and supermatrix methods can provide effective, explicit, and complimentary mechanisms for synthesizing disjointed phylogenetic evidence while emphasizing the need for further refinement of supertree methods.1 aBaker, William, J.1 aSavolainen, Vincent1 aAsmussen-Lange, Conny, B.1 aChase, Mark, W.1 aDransfield, John1 aForest, Felix1 aHarley, Madeline, M.1 aUhl, Natalie, W.1 aWilkinson, Mark  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/9