01892nas a2200169   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260002500242300001000267490000800277520132400285100001601609700001901625700001901644700001801663856004101681       2005                        eng d00aThe fossil history of palms (Arecaceae) in Africa and new records from the Late Oligocene (28-27 Mya) of north-western Ethiopia0 afossil history of palms Arecaceae in Africa and new records from  aKew, U.K.cApr 06-08  a69-810 v1513 aThe African palm fossil record is limited but the data provide an outline of palm evolution from the Late Cretaceous through the Neogene. Pollen attributed to palms is reported from the Aptian (125-112 Mya), but the earliest unequivocal record in Africa is Campanian (83.5-70.6 Mya). Palms diversified 83.5-65.5 Mya and became widespread, although most records are from the west and north African coasts. Many taxa were shared between Africa and northern South America at that time, but a few were pantropical. Extirpations occurred throughout the Palaeogene, including a notable species turnover and decline at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (33.9 Mya), a change that resulted in the elimination of nypoid palms from Africa. The Neogene plant macrofossil record is better sampled than the Palaeogene, although few palms are documented. Thus, the low diversity of African palms today is more likely the result of Palaeogene, rather than Neogene extinctions. Newly discovered palm fossils of leaves, petioles and flowers from the Late Oligocene (27-28 Mya) of north-western Ethiopia document the abundance and dominance of palms in some communities at that time. The fossils represent the earliest records of the extant genera Hyphaene (Coryphoideae) and Eremospatha (Calamoideae). (c) 2006 The Linnean Society of London.1 aPan, A., D.1 aJacobs, B., F.1 aDransfield, J.1 aBaker, W., J.  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/4600460nas a2200121   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172300001200241490000700253100001800260700002000278856004000298       2013                        eng d00aGlobal biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on the evolution of tropical lineages. I. Historical biogeography0 aGlobal biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on   a274-2850 v401 aBaker, W., J.1 aCouvreur, T.L.P  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/401976nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245008300055210006900138260001200207300001200219490000700231520146900238100001801707700001901725700002201744856004001766       2000                        eng d  a0363-644500aPhylogeny, character evolution, and a new classification of the calamoid palms0 aPhylogeny character evolution and a new classification of the ca  cApr-Jun  a297-3220 v253 aThe remarkable morphological diversity of the palm subfamily Calamoideae provides a paradigm for evolutionary studies of palm structure and function. Phylogenetic relationships among the 22 calamoid genera are investigated here in simultaneous analyses of morphological data and DNA sequences from nuclear ITS regions and the chloroplast rps16 intron. The resultant hypotheses of relationship are used to explore morphological character evolution through an examination of character state optimisations. The evolution of habit and its associated characters is found to be highly homoplasious; for example, multiple origins of both the acaulescent and climbing growth forms have been identified. Similarly, life history and reproductive characters show complex patterns of evolution with few primary homology assessments proving to be effective judgements of synapomorphy. Many of these homoplasious characters were emphasized in the previous classification of the Calamoideae and consequently some non-monophyletic groups were recognized formally. We present a new classification in which a number of unexpected, group-defining characters, such as the number of pollen apertures, have been identified. The classification comprises three tribes and nine subtribes, including one newly described tribe Eugeissoneae. However, the morphology of many well supported clades remains poorly understood, creating further challenges for future studies in calamoid phylogeny.1 aBaker, W., J.1 aDransfield, J.1 aHedderson, T., A.  uhttps://palms.myspecies.info/node/6